Zara - The Fast Fashion Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Zara - The Fast Fashion Leader - Essay Example The paper Zara - The Fast Fashion Leader investigates the style head, Zara organization. Zara is additionally fruitful in guaranteeing boundaries are set up for new market participants through self-worked producing limit and coordinations systems that can't be equaled without significant capital speculation. Shortcomings in the model were recognized by leading a far reaching European/worldwide natural investigation of the serious business just as through assessment of Zara’s current plan of action. Shortcomings lie is in detaching the organization from negative exposure, which has been an enormous issue as of late with allegations of the organization being steady of sweatshop work conditions with remote providers. Moreover, research has distinguished shortcomings including an absence of spotlight on increasingly significant, social showcasing technique advancement just as the organization not keeping up appropriate spotlight on building progressively autonomous flexibly and co ordinations arranges that would be possessed by Zara to improve its extent of control. In light of these shortcomings, it is suggested that Zara consider repositioning the business to a premiumisation procedure as another business level methodology, broadening self-guided assembling and coordinations capacities, and concentrating on advancement that is more buyer driven. It is additionally suggested that Zara separate its items with an accentuation on style forward plan so as to catch the consideration of target advertises that esteem selectiveness. These systems will support Zara.’s future brand position and manufacture progressively positive brand value. Chapter by chapter guide EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.0 Introduction..................................................................................................... 2.0 Strategic issues and serious forces........................................................... 2.1 Industry Life Cycle analysis................................. ............................... 2.2 Porter’s Five Forces analysis............................................................... 2.3 PEST framework................................................................................. 3.0 Internal key audit..................................................................................... 4.0 PR emergencies at Zara.............................................................................................. 5.0 Recommendations for future business sustainability....................................... 5.1 Improving gracefully capabilities.............................................................. 5.2 Better use of advertising hypothesis and practice.............................. 5.3 Premiumisation..................................................................................... 5.4 Differentiation as business level strategy............................................. 6.0 Conclusion............................................ ............................................................ References 1.0 Introduction The quick design pioneer, Zara, gives style and adornment items to an assortment of productive customer advertises in numerous global markets. Zara stands apart from rivalry most particularly for the retailer’s capacity to restock in-store inventories with a lead time of just fourteen days or less. This is unrivaled in the retail business as most retail contenders require a long time so as to dispatch a

Eaters of The Dead :: essays papers

Eaters of The Dead â€Å"Eaters of the Dead† by Michael Crichton is a fiction however with verifiable foundation. Through this piece Crichton would like to communicate the lifestyle for the Vikings in the year 922 AD while simultaneously making an engaging story. Utilizing a composition composed by Ibn-Fadlan Crichton sorted out a book loaded up with experience and fervor. Michael Crichton was conceived in Chicago, 1942 and consistently realized he had an ability for composing. He went to Brown University and has since distributed numerous books, for example, â€Å"Jurassic Park†, â€Å"The Rising Sun†, â€Å"Disclosure†, and some more. A few of his books have been made into films, for instance, â€Å"Jurassic Park†, â€Å"The Lost World†, â€Å"Sphere†, â€Å"Congo†, and â€Å"Eaters of the Dead† is coming to theaters this mid year featuring Antonio Banderas. Michael Crichton is likewise the author of the hit TV show â€Å"ER†. Ibn-Fadlan is a refined Arab subject speaking to the amazing Caliph of Baghdad and the entire story line depends on his movements. He is a Muslim and is sent to the Bulgar land to educate the ruler in the Islamic religion, familiarize the lord with Islamic laws, and construct a Mosque in the city. Little does Ibn-Fadlan know where his movements will lead him. Wyglif is the current head of the Northmen (at that point) he has become sick and is accepted to get no opportunity of recuperation. When he passes on, soon after getting sick, Buliwyf is made the new pioneer. Buliwyf is a youthful respectable picked to be the Northmens new pioneer once Wyglif kicks the bucket. He is a gutsy warrior, tall and solid, and skin, hair, and facial hair of unadulterated white. Herger, one of the Northmen w arriors, additionally became Ibn-Fadlan’s companion. He helped him to decipher the expressions of the Northmen and furthermore helped Ibn-Fadlan become acquainted with their lifestyle and acceptable behavior around the Northmen. â€Å"The Wendols† are characters in the story who, as told by Ibn-Fadlan, don't appear to be completely human. They ride on the rear of a dark pony and have the leader of a bear. They are very furious warriors and are very malevolent. They emit an odor so solid it damages to inhale on the grounds that they devour human fragile living creature and it is consistently on their breath. They accompany the fog, a dim haze that surrounds the land when the Wendols come.

Blog Archive Mastering Your MBA Finances The Real Cost of an MBA (Part 3)

Blog Archive Mastering Your MBA Finances â€" The Real Cost of an MBA (Part 3) Once you have been accepted to your target MBA program, things start to move very quickly, and you will need to begin planning for your transition to business school right away. Understanding the financial realities of your MBA education is an important first step, and we have created this comprehensive, five-part “Mastering Your MBA Finances” series to help you do so. In this third installment of the series, we examine the costâ€"the real costâ€"of a full-time MBA program. (Be sure to read Part 1 and Part 2 of this series if you have not done so already.) For individualized advice, sign up for a free 30-minute budget planning session with an M7 Financial budgeting coach. In the first two installments of this series, we explored the potential revenue sources/income you can expect during your MBA program. Although considering the revenue outlook is important, many applicants are accepted to business school before they ever contemplate the reality of the costs of their graduate educationâ€"a “first things first” approach that can lead to serious sticker shock later. We always advise our clients to enter the MBA admissions process with their eyes wide open and a full understanding of the overall expenses involved. So what does attending a typical full-time MBA program cost, anyway? The schools usually state the average cost of attending their MBA program somewhere on their site, and at several top institutions, such as Wharton, Columbia Business School, and Harvard Business School, the grand total for a single person hovers at approximately $100,000 per nine-month academic year. Yes, that budget does not even cover a full calendar year. The following table presents several top schools’ projected costs for one academic year in their MBA program (in this case, 2015â€"2016). You will see that programs located in college towns tend to be less expensive than those in large cities. However, we have to question whether these numbers are even accurate. For example, take a look at the following budget for Wharton. Take a moment and consider some of the holes in this budget. Where does it go wrong? What has been overlooked? (We should note that we randomly picked Wharton for our example, but in fairness, virtually all schools propose budgets that are challenging to adhere to. And yes, that a business school would present a rather unrealistic budget for its prospective students is quite ironic.) Here we will break down some of the problems we see with Wharton’s suggested budget… Nine-Month Time Frame (270 Days): The schools offer budgets that cover only a nine-month time period (270 days), because their academic year is just nine months long. However, your rent will very likely need to be paid for a 12-month term, not a nine-month one. And of course, you will also need to eat for all 12 months of the calendar year. This means you will have to make some adjustments to this budget immediately. Plus, if your internship is in a different city from your school, you may need to rent another apartment over the summer, so you should consider that in your budget as well. Room and Board: At approximately $1,760 per month, the “rent” part of Wharton’s budget is fairly realistic (for just a nine-month period, however). It hews closely to the rents charged in Philadelphia’s Rittenhouse Square area, where many MBA students live (always check your target school’s rent projections against actual apartment listings in the area). However, most MBAs would have difficulty adhering to the “board” budget, which works out to just $17.69 per day  ($4,776/270 = $17.69). Maybe if you cooked all your meals at home, refrained from buying a cup of coffee each morning, and eschewed going out for drinks or meals with your new MBA friends (which is a big part of the business school experience), you could keep this expense in line with the projected budgetâ€"though we believe that less than $18 per day is probably still too conservative for the majority of MBA students. Travel: You will likely encounter a number of different travel opportunities while you are in business schoolâ€"to return home and see your family, with certain classes as part of the curriculum, around town or out of town for job interviews, and just plain for fun with friends as part of the MBA experience. Whatever your travel expenses may be, Wharton’s “transport” budget of $910â€"just $3.37 per day ($910/270 = $3.37)â€"seems too low to accommodate anything more than using public transportation within the city of Philadelphia. A single cab ride between Wharton and the airport, at approximately $40 with tip, would be enough to throw off this aspect of your budget considerably. Moving: Do you already live in the same city or general area as your target MBA program? Although some MBA candidates do, many typically do not. You may therefore have to take moving expenses into account, and even if you plan to sell most or all of your existing furniture and possessions so that you will not have to move them with you, you will probably have to buy new items later to ensure you have everything you need for your time in business school. This Wharton budget does not even include a line for the costs associated with moving out or in. “Capital Expenditures”: Has the time come to upgrade your computer? Do you need a new suit/outfit to ensure that you present yourself appropriately and professionally in interviews? None of these types of costs are included in the typical MBA student budget, and Wharton’s projected “personal” budget of just under $12.50 a day will not likely allow for much in this category. To get a truly accurate picture of the funds you will need to cover all aspects of your MBA experience, you will need to account for these sorts of purchases. Loan Origination Fees: Many student loan companies charge loan origination feesâ€"an extra cost you must pay for the “privilege” of taking out a loan from them. You will of course need to read the fine print on any loan(s) you consider for your MBA, but we cannot think of any reason to pursue a loan with such fees, which appear to currently range from 2.0% to more than 4.0%. One exception would be government loans, which can charge origination fees as high as 4.28% but come with the possibility of loan forgiveness in the future (if you are interested in less financially rewarding post-MBA work). Please note that the MBA student loans presented at M7 Financial (www.m7financial.com) have no origination or other fees. As we continue to construct a sample MBA budget in this newsletter series, we will assume that you will not be taking out a loan with such fees. We have just examined the major discrepancies between a typical projected budget provided by a school and the reality of MBA expenses. Make adjustments to accommodate a 12- or 21-month calendar, increase your allowance for travel, include some moving expenses, adjust the “board” budget for the occasional night out with your colleagues, and add some funds to cover necessary technical or wardrobe purchases, and you will soon see that a conservative budget can still be significantly off the mark. We feel a prudent increase for discretionary expenses only (no increases for tuition, books, etc.) would be approximately 10% over the school’s projections. Let us reiterate that our intention with this series is not to frighten you but to give you a more accurate and workable picture of the financial life of a business school student. You are pursuing your MBA not to accumulate expenses but to take control of your financial future, and that path starts here! Check back next week, when we examine the opportunity cost of an MBA.  And if you are looking for even more strategies for funding your degree and minimizing your debt burden, download the free M7 Financial Student Loan (Reduction) Primer or sign up for a free, 30-minute, one-on-one budget planning session! Share ThisTweet Business School News

The First Anti-Drug Price Gouging Law Essay - 904 Words

The first anti-drug price gouging law went into effect in Maryland on October 1, has already survived its first legal challenge, and may yet prove to be a cut-and-paste model for a nation generally pissed that drug makers are hiking the prices of medicines they need to live. â€Å"The basic fact is there are folks all over Maryland and across the country that are sick and they cannot access these life saving medicines because of the cost,† says Matthew Celentano, deputy director for policy and communications for the Maryland Citizens’ Health Initiative. Drug makers in the United States have largely abandoned treating the sick according to the Hippocratic Oath for a guiding philosophy of fuck you, pay me. The most hotly spotlighted cases are†¦show more content†¦Still, some counter that â€Å"unconscionable† is too vague to be meaningful—imagine if speed limits were as vaguely defined, argues the general counsel for a group of generic drug makers. But putting a clear price tag on what is too much, like 65 mph on the highway, might serve as an invitation to walk right up to the line of what is legal and what is unconscionable, and back it off just a little bit. â€Å"Maryland legislators tried hard here to specify with sufficient precision what kinds of price increases would be justifiable and which wouldn’t be,† says Rachel E. Sachs, an associate professor at the Washington University School of Law. â€Å"If legislators had been as specific as the generic industry wants them to be—such as by stating a specific percentage beyond which price increases would be investigated—the industry could then take price increases up to that point with impunity.† Other opponents charge that the high prices of drugs aren’t examples of price gouging at all, but necessary increases for drug makers to recoup costs of research and development. Yet a Health Affairs study shows otherwise: enough money is made by US drug companies that they could cover research and development and still save â€Å"US patients, businesses, and taxpayers approximately $40 billion† per year, if they operated like the rest of the world. In fact, we are likely underestimating how badly we are being price gouged by some drug makers—after all, a

The Most Important Black Leader Of 19th Century - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 777 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/06/10 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Frederick Douglass Essay Did you like this example? Frederick Douglass Frederick Douglass suffered approximately twenty years in the bondage of slavery. Douglass never received formal education but was determined to teach himself to read and write. He first got ideas about freedom from The Columbian Orator. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Most Important Black Leader Of 19th Century" essay for you Create order He overcame adversity and was extremely brave. Frederick Douglass transitioned from being a slave to being an advocate for abolition and other civil rights movements such as the womenrs rights movement. Frederick Douglass never knew his father and was taken away from his mother shortly after birth. Frederick was most likely the result of his master or overseer raping his mother. Even his birth was caused by an act of cruelty. Douglass witnessed many injustices throughout his life that disturbed him and made him want to seek change. As a child he befriended poor white children and traded bread in an attempt to gain knowledge. He shined shoes so that he could earn money to buy The Columbian Orator. Douglass had many masters, some were fair and some were cruel but slavery was never a fortunate situation to be in. Frederick was almost like someone from the outside looking in on the horror of slavery, I did not, when a slave, understand the deep meaning of those rude and apparently incoherent songs (Douglass, Frederick 50). Douglass never knew what the salve songs really meant and represented. Although he was a slave, Douglass was always different. Douglass refused to accept his unfortunate situation and took action to change his life. Douglass got many ideas about abolition from The Columbian Orator and always knew that he was not meant to remain a slave for his entire life. The Columbian Orator contained themes of nationalism, religion, and individual liberty. These ideas led him to believe that the book had an anti-slavery tone. A couple of Irish sailors once encouraged Douglass to run away and that further filled his head with ideas of freedom. He loses his spirit when he is sent to work for Edward Covey and considers suicide. A fight with Covey rekindles his fighting spirit. Secretly, he starts teaching the other slaves to read and write. A plan was formed with other slaves to escape but they were caught before action was ever taken to run away. Douglass is sent to Baltimore to live with Hugh Auld. He becomes a apprentice for ship building and ship caulking. During that time he is attacked by four white men. After he recovers, Douglass works at Auldrs shipyard. He is able to make money but is forced to give hi s wages to Auld. Douglass seeks work on his own and takes on the responsibilities of a free man. He believed that his story was his most important possession. On September 3, 1838, Frederick Douglass escaped Slavery in Baltimore Maryland. The details of his escape were not revealed at the time because he did not want slave owners to know how to prevent their slaves from escaping as well. It was known that he ran away to New York City. The city is overwhelming to Douglass. He is taken in by a free black. On September 15 he married Anna Murray. It is at this time that he chooses to change his name from Bailey to Douglass. They then moved to New Bedford Massachusetts. He spoke about his experiences during his time as a slave and became an orator for abolition. During his tours where he visited England, Ireland, and Scotland abolitionists offered to pay for his freedom. He returned to America as a free man. He wrote the book Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass to prove his enslavement and record his experiences. He also supported womenrs rights and helped with the underground railroad. Douglass was an abolitionist, reformer, editor, or ator, and author. For Douglass, literacy was power. He wanted to prove that blacks were not naturally inferior but that they were made inferior by white people. Frederick Douglass was the most important black leader of the nineteenth century. He displayed amazing bravery and independence. He refused to accept his condition and looked for ways to lessen the burden of slavery and better himself. Douglass had ideas of freedom from an early age and they fuled him to keep fighting. Once he was free, he spent his time trying to help those who were still being oppressed. Frederick Douglass was a voice for the voiceless and a glimmer of hope from people still fighting for their rights. Works Cited Douglass, Frederick, and Ira Dworkin. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Penguin Classics, 2014. Frederick Douglass. National Parks Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 2 Feb. 2018, www.nps.gov/frdo/learn/historyculture/frederickdouglass.htm.

Loneliness Of Mice And Men By John Steinbeck - 1020 Words

Jose A. Lamendola Ms. Andrews English Period B October 26, 2015 Loneliness in Of Mice and Men Loneliness is the state of sadness because of having no companions or living in isolation. Loneliness is a feeling that no one should ever feel, however, it is a feeling that many come to have at one point in their lives or another. In the book Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, two men, named Lennie and George, travel together to California to work on a ranch. While working on the ranch, Lennie and George encounter many hardships and look to their friends in order to help overcome them in order to achieve their life’s goal. Throughout the story, many of the characters dreams and desires are affected by a form of loneliness. As a result, many of the characters try to find ways in order to cope with their internal struggle. In this story, George, one of the two main characters, faces an internal struggle with himself in order to fit in with the rest of society. Even though George has the company of Lennie, a mentally challenged person, George feels that mentally he is alone. George realizes that with Lennie he could never achieve the life of a â€Å"normal† person. As a result of Lennie’s poor decision making, George and Lennie are constantly moving around and are unable to find stability in their lives. In addition, George and Lennie are both very poor and are unable to afford anything due to the fact that they cannot keep a job. Unfortunately, due to Lennie’s dullness, LennieShow MoreRelatedLoneliness in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesLoneliness in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck This book is set in a deserted, lonely country. The individuals in the story are isolated by particular features such as age, sex, disability and race. They appear to relate to each other, however, each is essential trapped by their situation. In the end they are unable to help each other to escape their loneliness or to escape their own fate. Of Mice and Men is set in the farmland of the Salinas valley, where JohnRead MoreLoneliness in Of Mice And Men by John Steinbeck Essay999 Words   |  4 PagesLoneliness in Of Mice And Men by John Steinbeck In the book Of Mice And Men by John Steinbeck loneliness is very significant and a major theme. Many of the characters are very lonely and some of them try to look for an alternative way of life. George and Lennie have each other, Candy has his dog to keep him company, Crooks is lonely because he is black and Curley’s wife was so lonely it killed her. The book Of Mice And Men is set a few miles south of Soledad, which Read MoreLoneliness in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Essay1309 Words   |  6 PagesLoneliness in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Throughout the novel, Of Mice and Men (by John Steinbeck), loneliness is the major underlying theme of the novel. You could almost say that the book has ‘hormonal ups and downs. Most of the characters are very lonely because they have no family. However, George and Lennie are the contradiction to this. George and Lennies bond towards each other are so- strong that you can almost see it as you are reading the book. Candy the old crippled man wantsRead MoreLoneliness in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesOf Mice and Men is a novella written by John Steinbeck in the 1930’s. It possesses many prominent themes that are evident throughout the whole book. One distinct theme is loneliness. John Steinbeck uses many conventions to convey this theme to the reader including characterization, context, foreshadowing and resolution. Through the use of these conventions, readers developed attitude and opinions, which change with modern society and the readerà ¢â‚¬â„¢s context. The theme of loneliness is best portrayedRead MoreLoneliness in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Essay1206 Words   |  5 Pagesmeant for many people at that time, they could not achieve their American Dream. Of Mice and Men was written in 1937, seven years after the start of the Great Depression. I presume that the Depression must have influenced this novel. Steinbeck was a controversial novelist because of his support for the underprivileged, and he had had experience of working on ranches. Of Mice and Men deals with a range of characters who all have dreams. George had a dream of owningRead MoreEssay about The Theme of Loneliness in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck1128 Words   |  5 PagesThe Theme of Loneliness in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck This essay will describe the way loneliness is shown in Of Mice and Men. Most of the characters are lonely and the only thing that keeps them alive is their dreams. Some of the loneliest characters we come across in the novel are Candy, an old man with only one hand, Crooks, a black cripple and Curleys Wife, a woman who has no name; she is lonely even though she is married. Although they are all on the ranch Read MoreHow Does John Steinbeck Portray Loneliness and Isolation in the Novel â€Å"of Mice and Men†?1698 Words   |  7 PagesHow does John Steinbeck portray loneliness and isolation in the novel â€Å"Of Mice and Men†? The novel of â€Å"Of Mice and Men† was written in the time of the great depression in the 1930’s in America, this was the time in which Professional workers became Migrant workers due to the Wall Street crash in 1929. The great depression caused many professional workers to turn to working in farmland harvesting wheat. John Steinbeck published the novel of â€Å"Of Mice and Men† in 1937 it is set in Salinas, CaliforniaRead MoreLoneliness Felt in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck and Eleanor Rigby by John Lennon and Paul McCartney542 Words   |  3 PagesIn the novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck and the poem Eleanor Rigby by John Lennon and Paul McCartney, many of the characters are experiencing loneliness. When people feel lonely their way of lifestyle are different then that of someones whos not lonely or them if they were not lonely. Also because they are lonely their actions are different. They portray this in both the novel and the poem. 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Principles of Marketing Consumer Behavior and Marketing Action

Question: Describe about the Principles of Marketing for Consumer Behavior and Marketing Action? Answer: Introduction This report aims at examining the concepts of principles of marketing and thoroughly explaining the marketing activities. Marketing is one of the integrated activities in an organisation (Schultz, 2003). It usually involves plethora of activities concerned with determining the needs of the consumers and eventually providing them what they want (Assael, 1984). It includes four core elements called 4Ps comprising of product, price, place and promotion. Hence, marketers consider carrying out market research as one of the critical starting points to determine what customer needs with respect to the 4Ps (Schultz and Braun, 1998). In an organisation, a marketing department is usually responsible to carry out marketing activities on behalf of the organisation (Andersen, 2014). This department works closely with new and existing product development to meet to the needs of customers. The product to be examined in this report is a local savoury snack which has been manufactured by a local savo ury snack manufacturer. An informal report needs to be developed which will include how and why the marketing team of the manufacturing company will be advertising it. Section 1 Marketing is one of critical steps of the strategic growth of an organization. After the strategic plan of an organization has been defined, the next big step is to carry out the marketing which will help achieving the objectives laid down in the strategic plan (Ang Chua, 2012). As per (Ansoff, 2012), marketing process is defined as the process to analyse marketing opportunities, determining target market and developing the marketing mix effectively. The centre of the marketing process is occupied by the target customers (Schultz, 2002). A marketing process includes several steps such as examining the market opportunities, determining target market, developing the market and eventually, managing the marketing effort (Armstrong, Adam, Denize Kotler, 2014). As far as UK snack industry is concerned, it is rapidly growing due to emergence of new trends. This has provided the local snack manufacturers with new ways to grow in a highly competitive market. As per government reports, the i ndustry has witnessed a remarkable growth of 21.2% as of 2014 and it is expected to grow in similar fashion by 2018 (Reuters, 2014). Considering the above discussion about the marketing process, the procedure to be adopted for the marketing of local savoury snack is s follows. Determine marketing opportunities: The first step to plan about conducting marketing activities for local savoury snack is to determine market trends first. As far as snack industry in UK is concerned, it has made huge profits as of 2013. The snack consumption rose by 5.8 % which had given a clear indication of rising trends of the industry. Reports suggest that the increasing value of total retail sales in the snack market in spread in three sectors. People in UK consider potato chips as the most famous snacks (Reuters, 2014). For this, companies have been doing in-store promotions depending upon the saturation level. However, with time, people have started demanding variety in snacks and also considering its dietary value. Therefore, it is evident that there is a potential buyer market for local savoury snack. Determine market trends: The second step is to determine the market trends of the UK industry. Foremost, consumers in UK demand safe and healthy snacks. As per a report, consumers now-a-days are interested in natural and organic food which are rich in nutritional value. Hence, snack companies reduce salt and fat content in their foods (Reuters, 2014). The same has been followed for this new snack in which the makers have lowered salt content in the snack making it nutritionally high. Secondly, with changing time, consumers are being very aware about the food nutritional and calorie content (Davidson, 2015). Hence, there is a dire need that makers share the nutritional information of this new snack to build credibility. Then people in UK are increasingly becoming aware about the food that has less impact on the environment. Makers of this new snack need to ensure that the packaging and manufacturing of this product do not harm the environment at all. Select target market: The third step to develop efficient marketing activities is to select a target market for the product. For this snack, the company will be targeting the consumers in the age group 10-30 years. However, marketers can adopt market segmentation to target appropriate customers. Within marketing segmentation, the marketers can group customers with similar needs, behavior and characteristics (Berger and Nasr, 1998). For local snack company, the marketers can target people who seek potato snacks since this new snack has high levels of potato. Besides this, other key concept of marketing is targeting. For the marketing to be efficient, the marketers will have to select appropriate targeting strategies (Bonoma. Zaltman, 2011). The marketers can adopt Concentrated marketing strategy for the new snack. In this concentrated strategy, the focus is on designing a promotional message that communicates the benefits needed for a single specific segment. For this snack, the targ eting strategy will be placing ads on TV for kids, teenagers and professionals. Also, there will be billboards displayed across different places in UK. The third important concept is positioning which aims at placing the product uniquely in the market (Urban, Hauser, and Urban, 1993). For this, the marketers need to adopt Differentiated marketing strategy in which the new snack product should be able to attract the target audience in a unique way. Develop a marketing mix: Once the strategic plan is developed, the next step is to develop a marketing mix. As per (Bagozzi, 1994), marketing mix is defined as the set of controllable marketing variables that an organization use to attract target audience. Marketing mix includes 4Ps including product, price, place and promotion. A detailed marketing mix for the new product is given in the later section of the report. These are the crucial components of the marketing of the new snack. The industry is growing at a rapid pace and hence there are immense growth opportunities for this new product (Vargo and Lusch, 2004). Section 2 This section outlines the STP for the new snack. As analysed above, there is a huge market for the snacks in UK especially potato snacks. However, other snacks including gourmet popcorn are also very popular (Davidson, 2015). Overall, this snack industry is rapidly increasing in UK. STP or segmentation, targeting and positioning is a three stage process which helps in establishing efficient marketing strategies. First, marketers determine what kinds of customers first. Second, marketers select which ones are best target audience to serve and thirdly, they implement the segmentation by optimizing products and services (Bracker, 2012). Segmentation: It is the process of determining different kinds of consumers with different needs (Baker, 1991). For instance, customers may want different things from a product and hence marketers have to segment them as per their requirements. As far as new snack is concerned, it is intended for the people in the age group 10-25 years who often need snacks while they are on the go or relaxing at home. Since the snack industry in UK is highly competitive so there is no need to choose certain variables to segment the consumers. For this snack, preference for taste Vs low calories can be used as most critical variable. People who are seeking tasty snacks with high nutritional value will love this snack. Targeting: It is the process of targeting one or more segments with appropriate targeting strategy (Berry, 1983). Since snack industry in UK is already established so it is challenging to appeal to such a segment. When selecting an appropriate targeting strategy, the factors such as acceptance of the segment, size of the segment, future prospects of the segment and strengths of the sector are vital. The snacks such as Kettle Chips are already very famous in UK so it is very difficult to convince people about this new snack. The targeting strategy for the new snack will be concentrated as it will focus on promoting the chips across one defined target market. The target market of this new snack will be consumers in the age group 10-25 years. As per a survey conducted by Food Standard Agency it has been found out that 79% of male and 86% of females consume chips and other snacks in this age group. Also, this is the target audience which can be effectively manipulated by emotive messages in the advertisements. This is the primary target group while there is a need to target secondary group as well with the adults in the age group 25-44 years. This target group do not consumer snacks as much as the primary consumers but cannot be overlooked (Webster, 1988). This new snack can serve as a convenient snack and can easily integrate into the lives of people who have less time to cook meals. Positioning: It is the process of targeting the audience which has been selected in the targeting component (Capon, Farley Hubert, 2014). Many companies select to position themselves as technologically advance, user-friendly, healthy and pick any other quality so as to position the product uniquely in the market. This quality of the product which positions the product uniquely in the competitive market differentiates the product from other similar products. Eventually, the product gets competitive edge among other products. The positioning process is depicted below. Fig 1: Positioning Process Source: Capon, Farley Hubert, 2014 As discussed above, there is a need for snack manufacturer to position itself uniquely. For this, it is possible that this new snack positions itself as a healthy snack and entices consumers with its rich nutritional value. The consumers will be happy consuming a snack which is healthy and also tasty. There are competitive brands already in UK such as Kettle Chips which can give a tough competition to the new snack. However, marketing it as a healthy snack will beneficial as people will be happy consuming a nutritious snack. Hence, this is the STP of the new snack. The analysis of the STP has shown that the target market of cane be divided into primary and secondary markets. This new snack will be targeted at the primary consumers in the age group 10-25 years. However, the secondary target market for the snack includes the adults in the age group 25-44 years. Therefore, all the marketing strategies should be centered about these target markets only. Section 3 This section aims at analyzing the marketing mix of the new snack. Also we will be developing extended marketing for the new snack and examine how it contributes towards marketing of the project. As per (Churchill and Iacobucci, 2010) marketing mix is defined as a strategic process to examine the product, place, promotion, price and other components of the products. The product corresponds to the commodity which needs to be offered to the customer (Desai, 2014). It can either be a physical product or any service. The place corresponds to the place where the product will be made available to the consumers such as retail store, food outlet etc (Doyle, 2011). The price refers to the rate at which the product will be offered. The promotion corresponds to the marketing activities to be conducted for the product. These are the components of a regular marketing mix while there are three more components of an extended marketing mix (Feinberg, Kinnear Taylor, 2012). These include people, phy sical evidence and process. The marketing mix of this new snack is as below. Element New Snack Product As per analysis done in earlier sections, it is quite evident that consumers in UK prefer eating healthy snacks which are environment friendly as well. This new snack is a healthy and rich in nutrients snack which is targeted at the customers falling the age group 10-25 years. However, for an organization, it is vital that they develop products which are able to provide a competitive edge to the company (Gummesson, 1987). Hence, the makers of the product should keep in mind that it is critical to cater to the needs of the target audience well. To gain competitive advantage, numerous strategies can be used by organizations such as leadership, diversification, focus strategy and differentiation (Gruen, Summers, and Acito, 2000). The makers of the new snack needs to adopt differentiation strategy so as to achieve the desired objectives and sustain in highly competitive market. Since this snack is healthy and is rich in nutritional value so it is able to differentiate itself from other p roducts. Place The place where the product is provided by the company should be convenient for the people to access (IMP Group, 1982). It is critical that the place where the product is available is within the reach of the consumers. Hence, the new snack will be available in all leading supermarkets such as ALDI, Tesco and will be mass distributed. The company can also make the sack available at vending machines in public places like cinema halls, parks, malls so as to increase the exposure of the product. The snack will be placed at the middle shelves of the supermarkets so that consumers can see them and buy them. Price The prices of the products should be set in such a way that those are able to justify the value of the product (Kotler, 2012). Hence, organizations need to adopt intelligent pricing strategy for the products. There are different pricing strategies adopted by the companies including value-based, premium, penetration, skimming pricing strategy (Kotler, 1975). The pricing strategy adopted for this new snack will be psychological which will be depending upon on different situations. Since this new snack is available in different sizes so prices will vary. Also, the price of the snack at petrol pumps, convenience stores, cinema halls and other public places will be fixed. But it will vary in retail depending upon occasion. For instance, the makers can offer a discount on the snack on Easter. Hence, this is the price of this new snack in the highly competitive snack market. Promotion The promotional activity is vital to increase the reach of the product (Morgan and Hunt, 1994). The promotional activity to be adopted should be able to achieve various goals and objectives. The marketing activities need to specific so as to get integrated in the promotional objectives (Peter, Olson, and Grune, 1999). There are three key promotional activities suggested for the marketing of this new snack. First is to air the advertisement of the snack on TV to emotionally inspire the target audience. Second is to collaborate with cinema houses so that they can show the advertisement of the snack in the interval of the show. The third is social media marketing to reach the target audience. The consumers in the age group 10-25 years are active on social media. Hence these are some of the promotional activities decided for the snack. People People in the marketing mix are the target audience for the product (Parsons, Gijsbrechts, Leeflang, and Wittink, 1994). This new snack will be targeted at the primary consumers in the age group 10-25 years. However, the secondary target market for the snack includes the adults in the age group 25-44 years. Processes The processes include the key activities in the manufacturing and production of snack (Palmatier, Dant, Grewal, and Evans, 2006). The processes such as packaging, manufacturing, marketing comprise the key processes of the new snack. Physical evidence It is the environment by which consumers would be surrounding when consuming the product (Rothaermel, 2012). As far as this snack is concerned, the physical evidence will be retail stores, cinema houses or public places. This is the marketing mix of the new snack which is to be rolled out by a local snack manufacturer. This marketing will contribute immensely towards the achievement of the marketing goals (Zeithaml, Bitner, and Gremler, 2010). Since the marketing mix has clearly out the product, the audience and intended promotional activities to be carried out for the advertising of the product, it is more like a marketing plan for the snack. Conclusion Overall, it can be said that marketing of a product is one of the critical activities carried by an organisation. There are plenty of things that need to be considered when forming marketing strategies such as segmentation, targeting and positioning. 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